2020年5月5日星期二

[AC] [EL] 問﹕Retro Commissioning 係乜嚟?同BEEO / BEC 有啲乜分別?

答﹕

背景﹕由於香港九成用電係嚟自building, 舊樓好多BS系統效能唔高。

Retro Commissioning 係重新校驗BS系統,一棟樓行得耐既時候,好多時個control system又outdate, 啲sensor又唔準等等,一旦較正咗個building owner即時慳到電有著數;主要係一個systematic process quick fix operational improvements save energy而唔係成件equipment咁換;

而BEEO / BEC 係針對New Building or Major Retrofitting Works, 而且十年要一次Energy Aduit;

*Major Retrofitting Works MRW 定義﹕
- 換BS嘢既面積大過500 m2;
- 換個electrical circuit 大過400A;
- 換AC嘢大過350kW;
- 換lift;

EMSD出咗本Technical Guidelines on Retro-Commissioning, 本嘢有三個主要部份
1. Work Stage: Planning-->Investigation-->Implementation-->On-going
2. Example;
3. Check List;

Stage 1: Drawings manual collection, inspection, develop plan;
Stage 2: Site survey, conduct data logging, monitoring, identify potential measures;
Stage 3: Performing verification, training O&M staff;
Stage 4: Electricity bill, satisfaction of occupants, continuous monitoring;

Example:

現在﹕總共有三台Air Cooled Chillers 行VSD,平時30-50% load嗰陣係行兩台。
新方案﹕回顧返個cooling load profile後,會唔會响30-50% load嗰陣同時行三台COP仲好啲?因為用VSD的話响part load condition個綜合COP更高。
結果﹕果然好咗喎。完。

(Source: EMSD)

2020年5月4日星期一

[AC] [PD] [EL] 問﹕Swimming Pool 泳池 BS Design 有啲乜要考慮?

答﹕

Indoor Design: 30°C D.B., 60% R.H., Slightly Negative Pressure; Low exhaust; 4-6 ACH; 派風要平均;

Reason: 
30°C D.B. reduce operating cost; 雖然更容易condense (平時可能16°C, 但而家22°C就condense), 但送風溫度可以增加,減低energy consumption;

- 60% R.H. 係响comfort同energy consumption之間攞個平衡,再高啲人唔舒適,低啲就嘥電;仲有如果濕度太高會growth of mold and fungi;
- Negative pressure 係為咗避免啲水氣到處走,因為泳池既水氣有Chloramine, 會腐融建築物;
- Low Exhaust near the surface of the pool assist evaculating chloramine;
- 派風唔平均會局部condense;


此外,Cooling Loading Estimation 嗰陣都要留意個pool evaporation rate, ASHRAE有講點計,池水溫度越高evaporation rate 越高;仲有一系列方法可以用少啲Chloramine, 如Ozonation, UV 消毒殺菌、加大個water exchange rate etc.

响香港,泳池係要根據Swimming Pool Regulation Cap. 132, Section 42向食環署Food and Environmental Hygiene Department FEHD攞牌照,機電方面大概係包括
- 有水入面既泳池燈的話,25V內;
- 泳池所有地方包括水面要有200lux及一個鐘後備電;
- 有蓋池四個鐘換水一次;露天六個鐘一次;每年最少成個池抽乾一次;

ASD都有一本專係Swimming Pool Water Treatment General Specfication

Filtration Plant Example, 啲泳池水係會經Sand Filter, Chemical, 再過Heat Pump / Heater (如有需要)。

(Source: 2019 ASHRAE Handbook Applicaiton; Swimming Pool Regulation Cap. 132, Section 42)

2020年5月3日星期日

[Contract] 問﹕香港 Building 有邊幾種Contract係常用?有啲乜特點?

答﹕

講之前先搞清Bills of Quantities BQ 同 Schedule of Rates SoR分別﹕

- BQ係將Drawings+Spec.裡面嘅嘢清清楚楚Items連數量列晒出嚟,會form part of contract;

- SoR淨係將啲Rate列出嚟,但冇個量;就算佢好人整埋比你都好,個數量都只係比你參考,而唔會form part of contract;

做 Building 最常用,應該係 


- Lump Sum Contract with Drawings and Specification

個tenderer只會收到圖同spec.唔會有BQ,跟住就自己跟圖估一個總價,承諾呢個價搞掂啲嘢;相對細型嘅project或E&M contract會用到,如果係大型project用的話風險相對較高;

- Lump Sum Contract with firm BQ

同上類似,但個BQ係Architect/Engineer/QS比埋你;個BQ可能會用"provisional quantities"包埋一啲出標前未有design detail嘅嘢,或用"provisional sums"包一啲出標前未design嘅嘢;總之就係盡量確保返標個價係包得齊晒所有要做嘅嘢;對報標者最大好處係慳返數數量時間,唔洗揹數錯嘅風險

- Design and Build Contract

Tenderer包Design, Construction, contract 用一個總價去批出;

Traditional Contract 同 Design and Build Contract 最大分別係前者將價就貨,後者將貨就價。

舉一例,你想炒一碟蝦仁蛋飯,Traditional Contract 係寫清楚點嘢要點炒法,要用啲乜料。出咗標後,如果忽然想將蝦改做龍蝦,一樣改得,加錢就得。雖然改下改下好易超支,但件貨質量就有保障。

Design and Build Contract 就連碟嘢點炒要用乜料都唔洗諗,直接出標叫人整碟嘢就得。但出咗標後,人地實會搵啲最平嘅料同最慳氣慳力嘅方法同你炒,件貨質量實唔多好;同埋如果出標後忽然想改設計,條數就冇Traditional Contract咁易計。Design and build對於純功能性嘅項目如工廠大廈會較好,但如果係有好多architectural input嘅樓如office, 住宅等就冇咁好,因為仲有個問題係無論出個design brief也好,contractor做design返標,及tender assessment等嘅時間都會長唔少。

如果係某啲specicalist, e.g. lift, security etc., 都有可能係用個別嘅design and build合約,再將其包入main contract。

- Construction Management Contract
簡單嚟講即係業主借大判嘅人頭去做項目管理,至於最終單project賺蝕好,唔關個大判事,佢地只收人頭費。

- Remeasurement Contract containing BQ

一般civil projects會用到,個Tenderer楂住個BQ (可能係provisional quantities, 一個大約嘅數量) 乘收費率就攞到總投標價,但做完後會再實地量度一次嚟決定點找數;

- Remeasurement Contract containing SoR

同上類似,但個量就落標嗰陣估唔到,响啲經常性或維修工程會用到;

- Cost Reimbursement Contract

Contractor 嘅實際成本再加利潤嚟找數,穩賺冇賠,一般會用响啲緊急工程度;

Build - Operate - Transfer BOT

- 例子就係起隧道咁,由方案、設計、建造、營運等全部交晒比個contractor,跟住佢地有廿年經營權,之後交返比政府


Tender Stage 包括﹕


1.
Prepare tender list of contractor
- Actually client 有心目中人選
- Proposed by consultant, 或以前啲Job experience, 分named/nominated, 通常都係bind 埋入main contact;
named: 有幾個比你揀;
nominated: 冇得比你揀,指定呢個就用呢個;
2.
Cost estimation of design scheme solution
- Consultant 除咗用RLB嘅figure外,都有自己figure by past job experience;
- Lift cycle cost: initial cost, operation cost, maintenance cost, life of equipment, inflation rate, payback period;
3.
Assist QS for preparation of BQ
- SoR by BS Engineer;
- Optional items, e.g. EAF 3 nos. each 50L/s, total 150L/s; or 2 nos. each 75L/s, etc.;
4.
Answer tender query
- Answer query: Discrepancy of drawing/Spec.; 
- Issue query: Price / Brand / Country or origin;
5.
Tender analysis
- 搵啲Unreasonable rate;
- 做個Table比較各家Offer
Planning, programming, O-chart, method statement, technical proposal, long delivery items / plants;
6.
Tenderer interview
- technical submission / Equipment schedule / delivery schedule etc.;

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如果係做public works的話,發展局有張list限制邊啲contractor先可以落標;Group A只可承擔低於1.5億、Group B低於4億、Group C高於4億。可以去發展局嘅網頁參考﹕https://www.devb.gov.hk/en/construction_sector_matters/contractors/contractor/index.html
再以BS為例,例如做FS installation, 就要响發展局"認可公共工程物料供應商及專門承造商名冊 The List of Approved Suppliers of Materials and Specialist Contractors for Public Works"入面度搵fs contractor, 當中又分group or class, 可以到"工程類別、級別及組別說明 Category, Class and Group Description"入面度睇佢地嘅定義,就以消防工程為例,係分咗Group I or II. Group I的話只可承包460萬以下嘅合約,而Group II就冇限制。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

話說CIC 2019年出版關於工程合約嘅參考文件 Reference Material on Selection of Contractors 寫得幾清晰,值得一讀。

2020年5月2日星期六

[EL] 問﹕BEC / BEEO 2018 Lift / Escalator / Passenger Conveyor Installation 有啲乜要點?

答﹕

- Max. allowable power: For lift, 對表,Rated load & speed 唔能夠大過某個kW;

- Max. allowable lift decoration load: Rated load 細過1800kg or 大過1800kg 兩種計法;

- Lift parking mode: During low traffic, at least 1 lift not respond to passenger call until return to normal operation mode;

- Ventilation / AC: 部Lift 冇人用要識得自己熄,有人用先自己著返;

- Regenerative Braking: 部Lift rated load 大過1000kg & 2.5m/s 就要有;

- 其他如LPD, THD, P.F., Energy monitor etc. 同Electrical 嗰 part 類似;

- Also refer: https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/el-lift-elevator.html

[EL] 問﹕BEC / BEEO 2018 Electrical Installation 有啲乜要點?

答﹕

- Transformer efficiency: above 99%;

-Max. allowable copper loss for Main circuit, Feeder Circuit, Sub-main Circuit and Final Circuit;
  • Main circuit (Tx to LV switch board) 0.5%;
  • Feeder (LV switch board to equipment) 2.5%;
  • Sub main circuit (LV switch board to local distrubution board) 矮過100m 1.5%; 高過100m 2.5%;
  • Final circuit (Local distrubution board to equipment) 1%;
- Balancing of single phase loads: 3 phase 4 wire circuits 大過400A 而又有 1 phase load 的話,max unbalanced single phase loads 要少過10%;

- Min. allowable total Power Factor: 大過400A的話,要細過 0.85;

-Max. allowable total Harmonic Distortion: Harmonic Distortion in % of Designed Circuit Current 受限,Designed Circuit Current 越大,允許既% 越細 (同copper loss 一樣有公式計);

- Metering and Monitoring in above circuit for energy aduit;

- Min allowable motor efficiency, 2-pole (單相) and 4-pole (三相) , motor rated output 越大,所以要既efficiency 越高;


[EL] 問﹕BEC / BEEO 2018 Lighting Installation 有啲乜要點?

答﹕

最大亮點首選係Lighting Power Density LPD (W/m2) 要求,要留意係,呢個要求係Watt per meter Square, 而唔係CIBSE Guide既 Lux requirement


其次係Minimu Number of Lighting Control Points for Office


仲有一堆Automatic Lighting Control requirements

also refer: https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/el.html

[AC] 問﹕BEC / BEEO 2018 Air Conditioning Installation 有啲乜要點?

答﹕

- Indoor / outdoor design condition


Air Side
- Air leakage limit;
- Seperate air distribution for process zone, 即係派比啲特殊Design condition地方如Data Center, 條風候就只可以派比佢,唔可以同其他地方Share, 除非特殊條件如嗰個地方好細/嗰個地方有獨立Control, 唔洗再reheat等;
- CAV max. 1.6W/L/s; VAV 2.1W/L/s; Fan efficiency in specific condition;
- Terminal reheat, 即係凍完又熱 (反之亦然),除非1. VAV 已調到30%; 2. 細過140L/s; 3. 為咗達到特定humidity level; 4.  75%以上係用re-claim energy;

Water Side
- Minimum Insulation Thickness for Chilled & Refrigerant Pipework;
- Minimum Chiller / Heap Pump COP, refer https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/ac-chiller.html ; 350kW以上要有Energy Metering;
- Friction loss of  Water Pipe;
- Pump efficiency in specific condition;

2020年4月28日星期二

[AC] 問﹕Refrigerant 主流有邊幾種?選擇時有乜考慮?

答﹕

R407C, R410a, R134a, R123

R22
講下故事,得個知字。已被淘汰,因為Ozone Depletion Potential ODP會破壞大氣臭氣層。其餘介紹嗰啲都唔會有呢個問題。

先以易燃及毒性考慮,ASHRAE有個表


R407C (A1)
混合成份。由於容量同壓力同R22比較接近,所以容易直接取代R22. 但個效能會稍為降低。由於係混合比例緣故一有少少漏就嚴重改變特性,要放盡再充過。中/大型Chiller會用到。亦會用响Heat Pump, 因為Condense 溫度較高,去到六十幾度,用R410a會太高磅,用R134a效能又唔夠。

R410a
(A1)
混合成份。容量及壓力都比R22高出唔少,但同時效能都比其高。所以設計上Comprssor等部件會更厚,但又同時可降低噪音。响啲細機如家用冷氣機會用到。

R134a
(A1)
單一成份。取代舊有R12. 容量及壓力都比R22低一截,所以機身等部件都要做大啲,相對效能亦冇R22高。但單一純種關係,漏咗唔洗放晒先入,可以逐小咁補,較啱大型機用。

R123 (B1)
效能高,液態唔驚漏,GWP都低。但有微毒性。大型機會用。


到2019年,人類再提高標準,响國際協議Kigali Amendment 對高Global Warming Potential GWP值既Refrigerant都選擇逐步淘汰。 R407C, R410a, R134a都係高GWP系列。

R134a (A1) --> R1233zd (A1) / R513A (A1)
R410a (A1) --> R32 (A2L)
R123 (B1) --> R1234ze (A2L)

其實據FSD同EMSD既文件見到,似乎唔太主張香港港呢啲高密度環境度轉用較易燃既Refrigerant, 所以上面灰咗嗰啲都係得個知字。

(鳴謝﹕K、紅豆;Source: 冷暖在線, https://www.emsd.gov.hk/filemanager/tc/content_767/pms2019-2.pdf)

[AC] [EL] [FS] 問﹕試講講Data Center Design 有啲乜要注意?

答﹕

[AC]

Design Condition:
In General, D.B.: 18, R.H.: Less than 60%; 當然亦都要睇件Datacom Equipment環境溫/濕度需求


Data Center 同 Non Data Center 既Chiller分開比,Data Center Area 要N+1 Redundancy;
Gas Purging System要有個手動Exhaust Fan, 因為如果起咗Total Flooding System的話,就要靠呢把Fan嚟清;

計Sensible Load方面,ASHRAE都有比個趨勢估算出嚟,見得出Scientific用既GPU比雲儲存散熱更高;Communication 係最低;
上述係講緊一隻42U櫃既散熱量,42U係咁既樣

1U就即係入一件



有Liquid-Cooled, 呢種玩法就要確保响Dew Point以上防Condense


有Air-Cooled, 通常都係由地板入


Air-Cooled用Computer Room Air Conditioning CRAC Unit


[EL]

詳見 https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/el-how-to-plan-design-electricity.html , 都係啲無限備份玩法。

Electrical Busway, 响上面好似電車路軌咁攞電




UPS可能會用有Flywheel嗰種,Wiki話係online方式,養住隻轉緊既飛輪可以頂住30s 等Genset起動, 及見 https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/04/el-uninterruptible-power-supply-ups.html


此外為咗避免EMI Interference, IT cables 走High Level; Power Cable 行Raised Floor;
要因應BEEO裝Digital Power Analyzer 計住電流、電壓、功率 (7.7 Metering & Monitoring Facilities, Main Circuit, Feeder & Sub-main Circuit)


[FS]

Total Flooding System, see https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/04/fs-gaseous-extinguishing-system.html

Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus, see https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/04/fs-automatic-fire-alarm-system.html , 但留意呢個System係唔會用嚟踢著FM200, 只係為咗早啲知

[MISC]

Water Leakage Detection (Linear Type)


Structured Cabling System
有Copper Cable & Fiber, 兩者各有優勢所以响Data Center度會混合嚟用。放線方式有國際標準或ER要求。
Optical Fiber: 輕、距離遠、速度快;
Copper Cable: 更可靠、响Data Center裡面功率低散熱少耗電少;

Cat5, Cat5e, Cat5 分別


(鳴謝﹕紅豆;Source: 2019 ASHRAE Handbook Application - Chapter 20)

2020年4月27日星期一

[Renew./Inno.] 問﹕火神山醫院响工程上有啲乜亮點?

答﹕

响建築Layout上既規劃,令醫護人員逗留既地方及出入通道唔會同病人嗰啲唔會交疊。亦係唔可以隨便徵用酒店/旅館既原因。


應用Design for Manufacturing and Assembly DfMA 及 Modular Integrated Construction MiC (外國有啲叫Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction PPVC), 詳見 https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/04/renewinno-dfma-prefabrication.html
重點係加大重複構件數量,減少特殊構件數量,咁先容易高效批量生產。

Site Formation 整層HDPE, 再用鋼管墊起,一嚟防水二嚟可以下面走風火水電



逐級負壓系統,見 https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/ac-isolation-room-mvac.html

(Source: BIMBOX https://bimbox.top/4914.html)

[Renew./Inno.] 問﹕DfMA / Prefabrication Components / MiC 分別係啲乜嚟?

Design for Manufacturing and Assembly DfMA 係一個概念嚟,顧名思義,著重考慮組件製造及裝配過程,以便响廠房完成預製再去地盤安裝,減少現場施工工序。Prefabrication Components and MiC 係兩個做法去實現DfMA呢個概念。
就好似Apps Store係一個概念,但就有N種實現方式,如Google Play Store, Apple Store etc.

响工場做好舊嘢先一口氣掟落地盤度裝有諸多好處,做過地盤就知,地盤立立亂,做好先掟落嚟响地盤工序少咗,House keeping又好咗,又唔洗咁多人同時响地盤安全度都高咗,工場做質量控制亦都易,成本/時間效益都好咗因為批量式生產。但都有難題,首先係運過嚟個Trasportation, Tower Crane等要配合到,仲有啲Alignment要好精準,砌過Facade就知件事既難度,更何況如果係成個MiC module咁砌。

Prefabrication Components - e.g. Prefabricated Facades / Staircases / Manhole etc., 只係某少部份用Prefabrication, 其餘大部份都係using conventional construction methods


Modular Integrated Construction - 一件頭過成個Modules咁响地盤度砌,包括風火水電都係包埋响個Module入面,再睇下Module之間啲風火水電等點接駁


電接駁


渠接駁


有啲Project 既DfMA用上述以外既方式嚟實現,如淨係做一組Cooling Tower Modularization. 用BIM做好設計圖後成組掟落地盤。


關於BS嘅MiMEP/emMiC, CIC網頁有好好嘅參考 https://mic.cic.hk/en/UsefulInfo/5

(Source: CIC; https://www.bca.gov.sg/Professionals/Technology/others/PPVC_Guidebook.pdf)

2020年4月23日星期四

[AC] 問﹕試簡介一下Chilled Ceiling System.

答﹕

先分Chilled Ceiling System & Chilled Beam System

Chilled Ciling System, 就咁Laid啲Pipe响個Metal False Ceiling度,Cools Room by Natural Convection & Radiation, max. output only 70W/m² (*100ft/ton大概係380W/; 200ft/ton大概係190W/)



Chilled Beam System又分兩種,一種係Passive, 一種係Active
Passive 同Active 最大分別係,後者會比Pre treated Primary Air, 去到160W/



最重要設計考慮係唔好滴水,即係只要任何物件,包括個Fin, Ceiling Panel etc.個Surface Temperature高過Design個Dew Point, 就唔怕室內落雨。

上面堆資料見到,Primary Air 12, 入水15℃, Dew Point 13.5℃, 就避到滴水。

用呢種嘢好處係全部都係因為少咗Fan帶嚟,慳電、靜、慳維修,Ceiling Depth要求都少咗;
壞處係有水管响頭頂經過有機漏水,同埋如果啲Sensor / Control 做得唔好就兜頭落雨。此外Cooling Capacity都唔係高。

順帶一提仲有種係行Low Temperature Chilled Ceiling System, 個水溫用7, 但唔多案例,淨係得中國有相關Standard. 

Example:
PAU駁住某堆Chilled Beam; Chilled Water 經Heat Exchanger派比Chilled Beam;


(鳴謝﹕紅豆)

2020年4月22日星期三

[AC] [EL] 問﹕醫院Hospital Design 上有啲乜要留意?

答﹕

[AC]

一啲地方如Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI Room 個Sensible Heat 會好大;
科普下﹕MRI 睇軟組織,即係對水同脂肪既嘢係清楚啲;CT原理係X光一樣,但唔係平掃可切片,MRI係CT高級版;PET-CT 主要係睇癌症轉移,食啲F-18混葡萄糖結構既嘢落肚後,衰變正電子,撞電子後出兩個方向既Gamma Way Detect成像;以上呢堆都可以3D成像;一般係平掃一張、側掃一張,Axial嗰張就Depends; X光只可以平掃;


Operation Room 
- Possitive Pressure;
- min. 20 ACH;
- min. 4 Outdoor ACH;
- min. Filter Efficiency: MERV-14
- Exhaust 都要經Filter

Protective Environment (PE) (Immunocompromise 抵抗力弱,Leukemia 白血病, Burns,HIV etc.)
Possitive Pressure;
- min. 12 ACH;
- min. 2 Outdoor ACH;
- min. Filter Efficiency: HEPA (我估應該係指EU H13, 即係MERV 17)



*要裝個Device monitor住裡面同出面個Pressure Difference

Airborne Infection Isolation (空氣傳染病隔離)
- Negative Pressure (-2.5Pa);
- min. 12 ACH;
- min. 2 Outdoor ACH;
- min. Filter Efficiency: MERV-14
* All Room Air Exhausted Directly to Outdoors
Also refer: https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/03/ac-isolation-room-mvac.html

普遍溫濕度都要控制,大概响21-24度,60% R.H. 內。
好多唔同病房可能有唔同Requirements, For Example, 
Upper Respiratory Disease, minimum 30% R.H.; 
Burn Patients, room temperatures up to 32°C db and relative humidity up to 95%;

用Air Cooled Chiller 相對會可靠啲;

睇DH本Guideline個要求似乎係所有地方既空氣都唔Recirculate

如果又唔用Thermal Wheel Recover 的話,個Ventilation Load 就係Outdoor嗰點同Design 嗰點
Filter Standard
ASHRAE 52.2 Minimum Efficiency Report Value MERV 17 大概係等於EU H13, 即係≧ 0.3µm 的話可以隔到99.97%;

AHU會先經一隻MERV 6 Disposable Panel Pre Filter


再經MERV 13 Disposable Bag Main Filter


之後再睇下經唔經HEPA

Ultra Low Particulate Air ULPA係比 High Efficiency Particulate Air HEPA再高一個檔次 (MERV 17 係HEPA, MERV18係ULPA);
*用0.3µm做參考既原因係再大粒啲,可以靠物理阻隔;再細粒啲,又可以靠靜電力黏住;係呢種Size最難隔所以攞嚟做參考標準
同時亦睇到,換氣次數越高,達到Removal Efficiency 99% 既時間就越短

Design上要留意呢啲Filter個Pressure Drop會好大

Reference: 
ASHRAE 170 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities; 
2019 ASHRAE Handbook Application - Chapter 9; 
HTM 03-01(MVAC); 
Guidelines for Healthcare Engineering System of Private Hospitals - Department of Health

[EL]

- Equipment requiring 3 phase supply, permanently connected to a separate sub-circuit; (HBN 10-02)
- Genset full 100% backup;
- Critical care areas (Life Support / Complex Surgery / Critical Medical Equipment / Lighting / IT System / Medical Gas / Call System(有個call operator, 好似接線生咁)/ CCMS), UPS supply; (如果出現Earth Fault 都跳UPS, 應該即係Isolated Power Supply, 唔知有冇理解錯). UPS refer https://elvissharing.blogspot.com/2020/04/el-uninterruptible-power-supply-ups.html
- Night Lighting, 每個病床位5 lux, 夜晚睇嘢唔會影响到其他病人;
- Light Design reference CIBSE Lighting Code

Reference: 
HTM 06-01 (EL);
Health Building Notes HBN 10-02: Day Surgery Facilities;

[PD]

Plumbing
1. Separate water supply system (Twin Tank) provided for General water supply (Lav.) / water supply for medical equipment system
2. UV steriliser / Revise Osmosis RO water system provided for medical equipment water supply. Must be off tank water supply. (即係有個儲水箱?)

Drainage
3. Grey epoxy coated cast iron drainage pipe to enhance the durability and corrosion resistance for chemical discharge.
4. Separate drainage stack for medical / general lav discharge, Two pipe system shall be used. (洗手盆、浴缸等用一條落;馬桶有固體既用另一條Drain落)

[Gas] (Medical Gas Pipeline System MGPS; Dental Air and Vacuum System DAVS)

- Source 要分Primary, Secondary & Reserve;
- Pipe size are selected to ensure pressure loss below 5%;
- T&C都係試Gas 種類,Quality (particulate contamination), Quantity, System Function, valve function, 嗰啲嘢;
- Medical Gas 設計見下表,都係類似Fire Hydrant, 邊個位邊度一開就要見要幾多Pressure幾多Flow

Medical Air 就好似蒸餾水咁,一啲好乾淨既空氣;
Helium 用嚟醫Respiratory?;
Nitrogen 係用响空氣手術刀;
Oxygen唔洗講掛;
Nitrous Oxide 麻醉Anaes.用;
Vacuum 唔係氣體嚟,純綷係用嚟幫手抽走一啲嘢如Nitrous Oxide;

Reference:
HTM 02-01 Medical Gas;
Cap. 295 Dangerous Goods Ordinance;

[Pneumatic Tube System]
快速將啲Blood Sample / Documents 由一個地方經氣動裝置去到另一個地方,大概傳到5kg, 以5 meter per second

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2019年後,有條新法例 Cap. 633 Private Healthcare Facilities Ordinance 通過 (舊有Cap. 165 醫院、護養院及留產院註冊條例及Cap. 343 診療所條例由新呢條Cap.633取代(唔知有冇理解錯))
呢條條例將醫院分為三類﹕1. Hospitals, 可以Lodging or childbirth; 2. Day Procedure Centres, 可以Medical Procedures without Lodging; 3. Clinics, Medical Procedures or Lodging都唔得
*Medical Procedures including 外科、內窺鏡、化療、放療、麻醉 etc.
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(鳴謝﹕紅豆,K;Source: Guidelines for Healthcare Engineering System of Private Hospitals - Department of Health)